西安城区污水处理厂工程设计毕业论文

 2021-04-12 10:04

摘 要

工程需要选用具有除磷脱氮功能的高效工艺,处理出水满足GB18918-2002一级A标准排放要求。从除磷脱氮功能、运行稳定性、维护管理难易程度等方面对处理工艺进行方案比选,经过经济技术综合比较选用厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A/A/0)工艺,将厌氧、缺氧、好氧三种不同环境条件和不同功能的微生物菌群有机地配合起来,以达到有效去除有机物、脱氮除磷的目的。该工艺是最简单的同步脱氮除磷工艺,总水力停留时间少于其他工艺,不易发生污泥丝状膨胀,同时产生的污泥中含磷高,有较高效果。本设计污水处理流程为:污水→中格栅→集水池→细格栅→沉砂池→初沉池→A/A/O生物反应池→二沉池→出水。污泥的处理工艺流程为:二沉池→污泥泵房→浓缩池→脱水间。

格栅部分是采用中格栅和细格栅先后排栅渣,这样能够高效,有效的排除栅渣,沉砂池采用的是平流式沉砂池,总共设两个。平流式沉砂池具有处理效果好,

构造简单的特点。初沉池采用的是中心进水周边出水的辐流式初沉池,机械排泥,运行可靠,管理较简单。生物处理工艺选择A/A/O工艺,采用厌氧、缺氧、好氧1:1:3的比例设置,这样可以很好的达到除磷脱氮的效果。二沉池采用的是4座辐流沉淀池。二沉池中活性污泥混合液进行层状沉淀和压缩沉淀,所以有泥水分离作用。消毒工艺采用是紫外线消毒。污泥浓缩是去除污泥中的自由水和部分间隙水,采用两座浓缩池。未处理的污泥含水率很高,需要进行脱水处理,选择机械脱水方法。

关键词:城市污废水,A/A/O工艺,脱氮除磷

Engineering design of sewage treatment plant in Xi'an City

Abstract

The engineering need to choose the highly effective process with phosphorus removal and denitrification, and the effluent can meet the requirements of GB18918-2002 A standard discharge.From the aspects of the function of phosphorus removal, operation stability, maintenance and management of difficulty, and so on, the process of the treatment is better than the selection of the scheme.And after technical and economic comprehensive comparison and selection process of anaerobic anoxic aerobic (A / A / 0), anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic three different environmental conditions and different functions of microbial group organically together, in order to achieve an effective removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal.The process is the simplest of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, the total hydraulic retention time is less than that of the other process, less prone to filamentous sludge bulking, and the sludge with high phosphorus, high effect.The design of sewage treatment process is:Sewage → middle grille → basin → basin → sink sand pool →A/A/O biological reaction tank → two sink pool gt; effluent.The sludge treatment process is: two clarifier →sludge pump→concentrated pool→ dewatering.

The grid is used in the grid and the grid has grid slag, so that can effectively, effectively eliminate the gate slag, sand tank is flat flow type sand sink, a total of two.The flat flow sedimentation tank has good effect.,Simple structure. The initial sink of the central inlet water from the center of the radial flow of the initial sink, mechanical sludge, reliable operation, management is simple.The biological treatment technology chooses A/A/O process, and adopts the proportion of anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic 1:1:3, so that it can achieve the effect of the removal of phosphorus and

nitrogen.. 4 sedimentation tank is two radial flow sedimentation tank. Two sedimentation tank in the activated sludge mixture of precipitation and compression sedimentation, so there is a sludge separation effect.Disinfection process is ultraviolet

disinfection. The sludge concentration is the free water and some interstitial water in the sludge, using two concentrated pool. The sludge moisture content of the untreated sludge is very high, and it needs to be dehydrated, and the choice of mechanical dewatering method is needed..

Keywords: Municipal Wastewater,A/A/O process,Nitrogen and phosphorus removal

目 录

1工程概况 2

1.1城市概况 2

1.2水量的确定 2

1.3进出水水质 2

1.4综合处理效率 3

1.5工艺方案  3

1.5.1污水的工艺流程 3

1.5.2污泥的工艺流程 5

2 构筑物概述 7

2.1格栅 7

2.2集水池 7

2.3初沉池 8

2.3 A/A/O池 9

2.5二沉池 9

2.6消毒工艺 9

3 构筑物计算 11

3.1 中格栅的设计计算 11

3.2集水池的设计计算 13

3.3细格栅的设计计算 14

3.4平流式沉砂池的设计计算 16

3.5初沉池的设计计算 18

3.6 A/A/O 主反应池的设计计算 21

3.7辐流式二沉池 28

4. 污泥处理计算 32

4.1污泥量计算 32

4.2辐流污泥浓缩池计算 32

4.3贮泥池计算 35

4.4污泥脱水计算 37

5.平面布置 38

6高程布置 39

6.1 一般规定 39

6.2处理构筑物的水头损失 39

结论 41

致谢 42

参考文献 43

前言

由于人口的增加和生活水平的提高,每天的生活污水量在不断提高,而且生活污水里面主要污染物是氨氮、总磷,如果未经处理直接排入河流,对河流水质氨氮指标有显著影响,甚至是出现河流里面鱼虾绝迹的现象。因此,必须加大力度治理城市污水和工业废水。

西安市根据本市实际水资源情况规定排放污水需要达到GB18918-2002一级A标准方能排放至河流。本设计项目是针对西安城区污水处理厂进行建设,使处理出水达到GB18918-2002一级A标准要求排放。通过对现有污水厂现状的考察分析,结合当地环境和水质水量特征,从除磷脱氮功能、运行稳定性、维护管理难易程度等方面对处理工艺进行方案比选,经过经济技术综合比较选用厌氧/缺氧/好氧交替的A2/O除磷脱氮工艺,达到有效去除有机物、脱氮除磷的目的。

1工程概况

1.1城市概况

气温:年平均13.6℃,最高45.2℃,最低-20.6℃。

风向风速:常风向为东北与西南风,大风速25m/s。

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