两级A/O/Fenton/BAF法处理垃圾渗滤液工艺设计毕业论文

 2021-04-12 11:04

摘 要

随着我国城市数量的增加、规模的扩大和人口的增多,城市垃圾也相应的迅速增长。据统计,全国5000多个开发区大多存在着严重的垃圾污染问题。垃圾中的难降解有毒物和容易通过地下水直接进入食物链系统,当食物链上游的动植物食品或地下水直接进入人体后,就会使人体患癌症。为了消除垃圾对环境的恶劣影响,常采用焚烧、堆肥、填埋额综合利用等方法对垃圾进行处理。垃圾填埋因技术成熟、处理费用低、管理和运输方便而被广泛采用。垃圾在堆放和填埋过程中由于压实、发酵和降水渗流左右能够,会产生一种高浓度的有机废水,我们称之为垃圾渗滤液。垃圾渗滤液的污染包括恶臭污染、需氧有机物的污染、病原微生物的污染、垃圾渗滤液对地下贺岁的污染和垃圾渗滤液对土壤的污染。垃圾渗滤液的特点:(1)有机物浓度高 垃圾渗滤液的BOD5和COD浓度最高可达到几万毫克每升,PH达到或略低于7,BOD5和COD的比值为0.5~0.6。(2)金属含量高,铁的浓度达2000mg/L左右,锌达130mg/L左右。(3)水质变化大(4)氨氮含量高 影响微生物活性,降低生物处理效果(5)营养元素比例失调 (6)其他特点 一般在生化处理后,COD浓度仍在500~2000mg/L。

垃圾渗滤液的组成成分是随时间而发生变化的,对于填埋时间少于5年的垃圾渗滤液,其中的有机物浓度高,低分子脂肪酸多,BOD5/COD值在0.5~0.6,采用生化处理方法是有效的;而随着垃圾填埋年数的增加,有机物浓度降低,但腐殖类物质增加,Bod5/COD值下降,可生化性降低,生化处理难以达到较好的效果。在实际中,因填埋时间存在先后差别,使得“新鲜”和“老”的垃圾渗滤液并存。因此,为了满足渗滤液处理效果在垃圾填埋场的适用期间和封场后一直能够满足环境的要求,有必要采用生化和物化处理组合的处理工艺。本文中将针对某垃圾填埋场采用两级A/O/Fenton/BAF工艺法来设计渗滤液处理工艺。

关键词:垃圾渗滤液;生化处理;物化处理;;两级A/O法;Fenton;BAF工艺法

Abstract

With the increase of the number of cities in China,the expansion and population increase,urban waste correspondingly rapid growth.According to statistics,more than 5000 development zones are mostly there is a serious waste pollution problems.Waste refractory toxic it is easy through the groudwater directly into the food chain system,the food chain,animal and plant food or groundwater directly into the human body, the body of cancer. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of waste on the environment, often by burning, composting, landfill and comprehensive utilization of waste for processing. Landfill technology is mature, low-cost processing, management and transport convenience and are widely used. Due to compaction of trash piling up and the landfill process, fermentation and precipitation of seepage, will produce a high concentration of organic wastewater, which we call the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate pollution, including odor pollution, organic pollution of aerobic, pathogenic microbial contamination, landfill leachate contamination of groundwater and landfill leachate on soil pollution. Characteristics of landfill leachate:(1) The concentration of organic matter high landfill leachate BOD5 and COD of the highest concentrations of tens of thousands of milligrams per liter, the PH to reach or slightly lower than 7, BOD5 and COD ratio of 0.5 to 0.6. (2) high metal content, the concentration of iron up to about 2000mg / L, zinc up to 130mg / L.(3)changes in water quality(4) other characteristics of the nutrient element imbalance (5) of ammonia nitrogen in the microbial activity, and reduce the biological treatment efficiency (6) general biochemical treatment, the COD concentration is still 500 to 2000mg / L .

Landfill leachate composition with time change, one of the highconcentration of organic matter to landfill less than five years of landfill leachate, the low molecular weight fatty acid ratio of BOD5/COD value in the 0.5 to 0.6, the use of biochemical treatment. the method is effective; With the increase in the number of the landfill, the concentration of organic matter decreased, but the increase in humic substances, the ratio of BOD5/COD decreased biodegradability decreased, biologicaltreatment is difficult to achieve good results. In practice, due to the time of landfill has difference exists, making a "fresh" and "old" landfill leachate coexist. Therefore, in order to meet the leachate treatment effect during the application of landfill closure has been able to meet environmental requirements, it is necessary to use biochemical and physico-chemical treatment combination treatment process. For a landfill, the paper will two A/O/Fenton/BAF.

Key words: Landfill leachate; Biochemicaltreatment ; Physico-chemical; Two A/O; Fenton; BAF.

目录

前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1

1 概述…………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.1 设计背景………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2 水质水量及处理要求…………………………………………………………………2

1.3 工程设计依据及规范…………………………………………………………………2

1.4 设计范围………………………………………………………………………………2

1.5 设计原则………………………………………………………………………………3

2 垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点…………………………………………………………………4

2.1 垃圾渗滤液的来源……………………………………………………………………4

2.2 垃圾渗滤液的特点……………………………………………………………………4

2.3 垃圾渗滤液的危害……………………………………………………………………4

3 工艺方案选择………………………………………………………………………………6

3.1 垃圾渗滤液处理方案…………………………………………………………………6

3.2 目前垃圾渗滤液处理的方法…………………………………………………………6

3.2.1 预处理……………………………………………………………………………6

3.2.2 生物处理技术……………………………………………………………………6

3.2.3 物化处理与其他处理技术………………………………………………………8

3.3 目前处理垃圾渗滤液的几种工艺比较………………………………………………10

3.3.1 A/O MBR与BAF 组合工艺………………………………………………………10

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